I dont' think content filtering (CF) would fit this very well. The messages have already been accepted and scanned, and would be sitting in the delivery queue, so CF wouldn't take further action on them.
Try going into Protocols > Domains and creating non-local domains that you are experiencing problems with and direct these false domains to a catchall SMTP process that deletes all messages. When the message fails delivery, the NDR will be delivered to the catchall rather than waiting for another delivery failure timeout.
This will only work for the domains that are not valid, but you mentioned this is most of them. You will also need the catchall server, but that just requires a system you can open port 25 to which respods to SMTP commands and just junks all messages. Not the best option, but it should do the trick.
As to other orgs, I'm curious how often the address is just a catchall deletion rather than truly non-routable.