Before trying anything further, I would make absolutely certain that the system isn't simply checking for the removed drive. If necessary, you may want to disable all other devices in the boot menu in the BIOS, and manually select the appropriate drive on boot.
If you slave the drive to another machine that has Symantec Encryption Desktop installed, it will prompt you to authenticate to the drive if it recognizes the file system. If it doesn't, it may indeed have been damaged or overwritten somehow. If you are unable to authenticate to and access the drive you should still be able to try restoring the PGP Bootguard by running the following commands:
pgpwde --enum
That should show you which disk number you will need to enter for the next command.
pgpwde --recover --disk X --passphrase YourPassphrase
That should run a check of the entire disk, sector by sector, to see if it can find a backup PGP Bootguard record. If successful, it should restore the Bootguard. The main disadvantage here is that it will need to see the damaged Bootguard as well as the backup, so if the entire Bootguard was removed, it may not work. In many cases there will still be remnants that the system can read.
The --recover command is a slow process, as it has to check every sector of the drive. Be sure the system is on outlet power, not battery.