So you pegged the issue that the DS packages will not work without a Deployment share. It's actually quite simple - the packages are pointing to a Deployment share that doesn't exist.
There are two things that will prevent the DS site services from installing. 1) a defect (later) 2) not having Task AND Package already installed. The filter for the policy looks for Task and Package, and if not present, then it doesn't deploy the DS Site components. Package isn't enough. DS requires both or it wont work.
Until 7.2 and then that's fixed, but that's also not out yet for a couple of months.
Anyway, once you ensure you have task and package, if they still don't install, find the package and run the bat file manually. If THAT fails, run the MSI's manually. We have a KB on this somewhere, but I've no time to find it right now. Anyway, the point is that we know that, at times, we've had issues with the installer not running to completion. If you can't get it to run manually, call support.