In short, no, it will not detect promotion to a domain controller. You need to handle that in the excusions and settings. HOWEVER, I pushed the FULL SEP install to ALL of our servers and have had NO interference with DC operations. The firewall, AV, etc. is all there.
I did exclude what needed to be excluded just in our general policies anyway so it wasn't an issue - the DCs don't get special treatment here.SEP seems to be pretty smart - esp if you enable the options under 'smart traffic filtering' in the firewall policy.
Do exclude what's suggested - the login script/logon area, logs, DHCP and DNS folders need to be excluded, but you can do that for everything when you first install SEP at all.
But the short answer is - no, it does not detect promotions or the fact it's a DC.