We had this situation once.
The clients were more than 15 days old with their updates and eventually required a complete definition pack since the GUP / SEPM will not store definitions for more than 15 days (number of revisions) by default.
It contacts the GUP for a full definition and the GUP downloads the same. Since the client cannot download the same due to space constraints, it will kepp on requesting full defs from the GUP.
The client communicates with the SEPM for definition information and the information will be a full definition with the latest delta. The client then goes to the GUP, the GUP will have to download the full set everytime there is a new delta.
So, the communication will be increased between the SEPM and the GUP and the client and the GUP.
Hope that is clear.