I did some more investigation and found that:
1. From web searches and file properties, Achernar.sys is from "An Chen Computer Co., Ltd." which does CD/DVD duplication and dupliaction software.
2. Doing a more extensive file search I did find achernar.dll in:
"C:\Program Files\NewSoft\Presto! PageManager 7". I did not install this software directly, but eventually found that the app was installed as part of software install for my HP ScanJet 5590 scanner. This was done a few years ago (way before I started having the disk slowdown problem}.
I thus currently do not suspect that Achernar.sys is the cause of the disk slowdown problem. It is a bit concerning though that Achernar.sys is part of the driver list for every one of the nine IDE ATA.ATAPI controllers.
The more probable cause of the disk slowdown appears to be that for the disk in question, the IDE Channel Device "Current Transfer Mode" is set (by XP) to "PIO Mode" instead of "Ultra DMA Mode 6". I am currently working on trying to resolve this.