You do not remember what version of SEP was installed, if SEP at all?
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Can you take a look at 2 things for me please.
First, if you had SEP 11 installed, chances are on your workstation you also had the Firewall component installed. If this was the case, the SEP firewall had suppressed the built-in Windows Firewall. Is the Windows Firewall enabled on these problematic clients? Can you disable it for testing purposes?
I know, you said, Outlook Express is working. Thats what is leading me to think, Windows Firewall and not SEP. The Windows Firewall would ask for specific access per software, I.E. Outlook Express not being the same as Outlook.
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Second, in your Device Manager:
Select "show hidden devices" under View.
Expand: "Non-Plug and play drivers".
Do you see anything called Symantec in the list? Such as "Symantec Endpoint Protection Firewall"?
If so, go ahead and uninstall those...