Hi,
I had this exact problem, only mine went from bad to worse.
After having the SEP firewall disabled for a week or so, I went to Windows control panel and chose "reinstall application". Unfortunately, the process failed during installation for some reason, leaving me with just my original installer.
But here's the thing: the installer won't work!
I recently upgraded my SEP from version 12.1.6 MP1 build 6318 to 12.1.6 MP6 build 7061. I did this so I could update Windows 10 from version 1511 to 1607, which woudn't work with my old version of SEP. I succeeded in doing this without ever having to even uninstall SEP. Everything worked fine for a few weeks, and I was running the newest versions of both SEP and Windows.
After the firewall error and the unintended uninstall of SEP, I couldn't use the installer anymore, because whenever I try, Windows tells me "This application is not compatible with the current version of Windows", the same error message it would show when trying to install the anniversary update with my old version of SEP.
It seems that there's nothing I can do. Running the installer in Windows' compatibility mode didn't work. Returning to Windows 1511 would work, but I can't return to the previous version after ten days have passed from the update. I can't even reset my computer completely, because the Windows 10 1607 update keeps the current version of the OS through even the clearest factory resets.
I've almost given up. I'm using Windows Defender. Is there anything you can do to help me?