Hi,
SEPM 14 onwards - required hosting OS as Server Operating System(Windows Server Core Edition not supported).
First thing is to have a PC on a workgroup with server operating system.
You may try the below on a test environment with few settings and adjustments in the registry (see the below Technet forum).
https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/ie/en-US/a4c9681e-7384-4ff9-bd0f-9c8b9937ef1e/wse2016-just-as-a-member-of-a-workgroup?forum=winserveressentials
If you have PC acting as the server then, you may install the Server Operating Sytem (minimum windows server 2008), but make sure the PC will meet the hardware drivers for the server software (https://www.windowsservercatalog.com/).
And ofcourse if you have Domain Controller then, there are several advantages.
I have not personally tested the above but sharing some info.
Thanks,