To answer all of your questions:
How will we check that clients taking update from GUP or SEPM server using management console?
I wrote an article on using advanced filters. To check that clients are receiving update from the correct source, use advanced filtering keywork "SYLINK"
SEPM 12.1 - Advanced Settings filter options for Client Activity logs
What is the communication cycle process to update SEP clients using GUP and except GUP.
The SEPM will update it's content and make it available. On next heartbeat, the GUPs will pull down content from the SEPM. After that the clients wil check in to the SEPM and realize new content is available at which point they will reach out to their respective GUP.
In which way communication take place between client, GUP and SEPM server using 8014 and 2967 port?
Client to SEPM communication takes place over tcp 8014. Client to GUP communication takes place over 2967.
Ways to update SEP clients without using GUP?
Symantec LiveUpdate; The SEPM; or LiveUpdate Administrator.